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Lava tunnels, also known as lava tubes, are natural conduits formed by flowing lava during a volcanic eruption, which then cool and solidify on the exterior while the interior molten lava drains away. These underground structures are of scientific interest on Earth, and their potential existence on bodies like Mars and the Moon offers protected environments for future human bases. They could provide shelter from radiation and extreme temperatures, making them valuable targets for extraterrestrial exploration.